Interactive lesson~20 minBeginner
Probability & Statistics
Probability gives uncertainty a shape. Statistics turns samples into decisions while remembering that every measurement is partial.
GaussianCLTHypothesis testing
Mental model
Think in distributions, not single numbers.
Model evaluation, A/B tests, calibration, uncertainty estimates, and data quality all depend on statistical reasoning.
Power
balanced56% modeled signal
False-alarm control
balanced54% modeled signal
Decision confidence
needs care47% modeled signal
Concept pipeline
Build the idea in four moves
Interactive lab
Design an experiment and balance effect size, sample size, and noise.
Distribution
Describe what values are possible and how likely they are.
Focus lens
The part that usually clicks late
CLT
Averages become predictable even when individual samples are noisy.
Power
56
False-alarm control
54
Decision confidence
47
Knowledge check
What is the main reason larger samples help?
Next horizon
Where this topic is headed
Sequential testing
Bayesian A/B tests
Calibration curves